深圳华侨城湿地鸟类多样性调查研究     

徐桂红  张小英  徐昇 《湿地科学与管理》2015,11(2):59-61

处于湿地食物链上游的鸟类可以作为整个生态系统多样性的一个代表,应用于湿地生态的监测与评价。2013年,对华侨城湿地鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类12目34科104种,多样性指数为4.2317,较以前增多,并呈明显季节性变化。表明华侨城湿地生态修复效果逐步呈现,生态状况正在变好。  相似文献   

Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns     

Jane Assini 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):738-755

Abstract

This study examined the end-of-winter snow storage, its distribution and the spatial and temporal melt patterns of a large, low gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. The project utilized a combination of field observations and a physically-based snowmelt model. Topography and wind were the major controls on snow distribution in the region, and snow was routinely scoured from the hilltop regions and deposited into hillslopes and valleys. Timing and duration of snowmelt at Polar Bear Pass were similar in 2008 and 2009. The snowmelt was initiated by an increase in air temperature and net radiation receipt. Inter-annual variability in spatial snowmelt patterns was evident at Polar Bear Pass and was attributed to a non-uniform snow cover distribution and local microclimate conditions. In situ field studies and modelling remain important in High Arctic regions for assessing wetland water budgets and runoff, in addition to model parameterization and validation of satellite imagery.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Assini, J. and Young, K.L., 2012. Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 738–755.  相似文献   

沼泽湿地土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮物理运移研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牟晓杰  孙志高  王玲玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

沼泽湿地土壤是氮的重要储库,发挥着源、汇和转化器的重要功能。湿地土壤中无机氮的物理运移不但影响着植物的养分供给状况,而且其对于湿地生态系统的结构、功能及健康状况等也有着深刻影响。综述了沼泽湿地土壤无机氮物理运移及影响因素的研究动态。当前湿地土壤无机氮物理运移的研究主要集中在硝态氮和铵态氮(特别是硝态氮)物理运移规律及部分影响因素(如水分条件、土壤物理性质等)的探讨上,缺乏无机氮物理运移的动力学、热力学机制与模型表征研究。鉴于当前研究中存在的问题,指出天然沼泽湿地是研究的薄弱点,其在今后应亟需加强的领域包括:①无机氮物理运移的驱动机制;②动力学、热力学与环境效应模型表征;③人类活动和全球变化对无机氮物理运移的影响。  相似文献   

Performance Evaluation of a Full‐Scale Constructed Wetland for Treating Stormwater Runoff     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(11)

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Contribution of climatic and anthropogenic effects to the hydric deficit of peatlands     

Chrystelle Auterives  Luc Aquilina  Olivier Bour  Mélanie Davranche  Valérie Paquereau 《水文研究》2011,25(18):2890-2906

The present study makes use of a detailed water balance to investigate the hydrological status of a peatland with a basal clay‐rich layer overlying an aquifer exploited for drinking water. The aim is to determine the influence of climate and groundwater extraction on the water balance and water levels in the peatland. During the two‐year period of monitoring, the hydrological functioning of the wetland showed a hydric deficit, associated with a permanent unsaturated layer and a deep water table. At the same time, a stream was observed serving as a recharge inflow instead of draining the peatland, as usually described in natural systems. Such conditions are not favourable for peat accumulation. Field investigations show that the clay layer has a high hydraulic conductivity (from 1·10^?7 to 3·10^?9 m.s^?1) and does not form a hydraulic barrier. Moreover, the vertical hydraulic gradients are downward between the peat and the sand aquifer, leading to high flows of groundwater through the clay layer (20–48% of the precipitation). The observed hydric deficit of the peatland results from a combination of dry climatic conditions during the study period and groundwater extraction. The climatic effect is mainly expressed through drying out of the peatland, while the anthropogenic effect leads to an enhancement of the climatic effect on a global scale, and a modification of fluxes at a local scale. The drying out of the peatland can lead to its mineralisation, which thus gives rise to environmental impacts. The protection of such wetlands in the context of climate change should take account of anthropogenic pressures by considering the wetland‐aquifer interaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of water stable isotopes fingerprinting to inform conservation management: Lake Urema Wetland System,Mozambique     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2014

The present study focusses on the analysis of water stable isotopes to contribute to understanding the hydrology of the Lake Urema wetland system in central Mozambique towards conservation management.Lake Urema Wetland is located in the Gorongosa National Park at the southernmost extent of the East African Rift System and is situated entirely within the Urema catchment. Of particular concern to the park’s management is the understanding of hydrological processes as these may trigger transformations of ecosystems, habitat losses and wildlife migrations. Concerns over the Lake Urema wetland’s drying up and the trapping of sediments in the floodplain have been raised for some time by conservationists.Water samples were collected for stable water isotope analyses during the wet and the dry seasons for the period 2006–2010 from springs, boreholes, rivers, and Lake Urema. In addition monthly composite precipitation was collected at two rain gauges.The results show that Lake Urema is maintained throughout the dry season merely from water generated during the wet season. It receives water from wet season precipitation and the runoff generated from this precipitation. The water source areas of the lake are the Gorongosa Mountain and the Barue Basement geomorphological units. Consequently, the source of the sediments which have been trapped into the lake and the floodplain has to be identified in these two catchment areas and urgent action is required to rescue the lake. This water body constitutes a groundwater buffer system which supports a unique wetland landscape. The annual inundations’ processes leading to the recharge-drainage cycle in the floodplain are most sensitive to the deposition of sediments, changing hydraulic gradients, and reducing wet season inflows and increasing drainage rates.  相似文献   

Runoff change of Naoli River in Northeast China in 1955–2009 and its influencing factors     

Xiaolin Song  Xianguo Lu  Zhengmao Liu  Yonghe Sun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(2):144-153

Runoff change and trend of the Naoli River Basin were studied through the time series analysis using the data from the hydrological and meteorological stations. Time series of hydrological data were from 1957 to 2009 for Bao′an station, from 1955 to 2009 for Baoqing station, from 1956 to 2009 for Caizuizi station and from 1978 to 2009 for Hongqiling station. The influences of climate change and human activities on runoff change were investigated, and the causes of hydrological regime change were revealed. The seasonal runoff distribution of the Naoli River was extremely uneven, and the annual change was great. Overall, the annual runoff showed a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff of Bao′an, Baoqing, and Caizuizi stations in 2009 decreased by 64.1%, 76.3%, and 84.3%, respectively, compared with their beginning data recorded. The wet and dry years of the Naoli River have changed in the study period. The frequency of wet year occurrence decreased and lasted longer, whereas that of dry year occurrence increased. The frequency of dry year occurrence increased from 25.0%-27.8% to 83.9%-87.5%. The years before the 1970s were mostly wet, whereas those after the 1970s were mostly dry. Precipitation reduction and land use changes contributed to the decrease in annual runoff. Rising temperature and water project construction have also contributed important effects on the runoff change of the Naoli River.  相似文献   

基于PSR模型的滨海湿地生态系统健康评价——以辽河三角洲滨海湿地为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林和山  陈本清  许德伟  王建军  郑成兴  黄雅琴  李荣冠 《台湾海峡》2012,31(3):420-428,447

以PSR评价模型为基础,选取人口、经济、环境、资源开发、政策法规和管理决策等指标,诊断和评估滨海湿地生态系统在湿地开发和环境污染等一系列人类活动干扰下的健康现状,将健康等级分为优、良好、一般、较差和极差等5级.结果表明,辽河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统健康状态一般,由于过度的围垦开发,自然湿地面积在1988～2007年间减少了11 072 hm2,其中,碱蓬湿地减少了75%(2 440 hm2),而水产养殖场增加了182%(9 359 hm2).流域及沿岸的工农业排污致使评价区域内水体污染较严重,COD、TIN、活性磷酸盐和Pb的含量分别达到3.06 mg/dm3、795.45、44.01和6.46μg/dm3,普遍为四类或劣四类水质.环境的恶化,导致碱蓬、芦苇湿地面积萎缩,鸟类种类和数量不断减少,底栖生物多样性降低.并据此提出了辽河三角洲滨海湿地的管理与保护措施.  相似文献   

苏北海滨湿地互花米草地上生物量动态          下载免费PDF全文

徐伟伟  王国祥  刘金娥  陈正勇  宋康  吴晓东 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(1):132-140

在江苏盐城新洋港滩涂由海向陆建立样地:零星米草斑块(SAP)、稳定米草滩下边缘(SAFI)、2003年米草定居处(SAF03)、1989年米草定居处(SAF89),对互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的生物量动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:1)除SAF03样地外,其他样地互花米草叶生物量随时间的推移都有不同程度的减少,SAF03叶生物量始终都显著高于其他样地(P<0.05);各样地茎和繁殖器官生物量均有所增加,繁殖前期SAFI处茎生物量增长最快,达18.97g.m2.d-1;离海越近繁殖器官生物量增加越大;11月份SAF89样地各器官生物量顺序为:叶>茎>繁殖器官,其他样地:茎>叶>繁殖器官。2)各次调查中,随着时间的推移各样地叶生物量分配减少,而茎生物量与繁殖器官生物量分配增多;由陆向海各样地叶生物量分配减少,而茎生物量与繁殖器官生物量分配增加。3)SAFI处互花米草地下/地上生物量的比值为2.39,极显著高于其他样地(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

近30年苏北滨海滩涂湿地演变特征与空间格局     

廖华军  李国胜  王少华  崔林林  欧阳宁雷 《地理科学进展》2014,33(9):1209-1217

苏北滨海滩涂湿地位于现代长江口与废黄河口之间,是最典型的淤泥质平原海岸,其演变特征及空间格局具有鲜明的特征。本文选用1980年、1992年、2008年的TM 和ALOS影像为主要数据源,构建了基于空间分割和转移矩阵分析模型,研究了近30年来苏北滨海滩涂湿地的演变特征及其空间格局。结果表明： ①苏北滨海滩涂发生了巨大变化,近30年间滩涂总面积减少了1273.11 km²,平均每年减少45.47 km²;滩涂湿地侵蚀/淤积面积约965.14 km²,0 m等深线冲刷后退减少的面积约为307.97 km²。②苏北滨海滩涂湿地区域差异性明显。南北方向上可划分为6个自然地理单元,东西方向上可划分为3个区域。③苏北滨海滩涂湿地演变中,湿地转型、湿地丧失和湿地演替分别占总面积的38.39%、14.80%、20.51%;其中天然湿地减少354.1 km²,人工湿地增加1061.45 km²,非湿地增加253.09 km²。④滩涂湿地主要植被群落演替特征和空间分布也呈现出差异性。湿地演替主要发生在净变区,与对应岸段的海岸侵蚀/淤积类型基本吻合。  相似文献